United (2000) de Phoenix fue uno de los primeros discos que no se planteó expresamente discutir con la generación anterior. Por lo contrario, tomó sus influencias y armó un cóctel de sonidos auténticos y novedosos que transformaron el paradigma influenciado por el boom de la electrónica a mediados de los ‘90. Destacándose por su singularidad ante una sonoridad hi-fi y su extravagancia, este álbum caracterizó el surgimiento de una nueva década que atentó contra la «French Touch» impulsada por el house que, de tanto hype, comenzaba a desmoronarse.
Desde sus inicios, la banda quiso innovar y reconfigurar el estilo musical de la época a través de una fusión entre la electrónica, el rock y el pop. Algunos dicen que los salvadores fueron The Strokes con Is This It (2001), pero lo cierto es que los muchachos franceses lo hicieron primero. Por supuesto que el mérito fue al grupo liderado por Julian Casablancas, ya que Thomas Mars y sus compañeros se enfrentaron a la revolución del rock juvenil en un país que controla la industria musical a escala global.
Para ese entonces, Mars, el bajista Deck D’Arcy y los guitarristas Christian Mazzalai y Laurent Brancowitz compartían un departamento en París, pero decidieron mudarse a Versalles para grabar los demos de United en la casa de los padres de Thomas. A su vez, el despegue de Air, Daft Punk y Cassius hizo que la música francesa sea más popular y masiva, favoreciendo la inversión de las compañías en bandas del under nacional.
Phoenix, en esa situación incipiente, creó Ghettoblaster en 1997, una especie de sello con el cual lanzaron los singles ‘Party Time’ y ‘City Lights’. Con la intención de grabar su primer disco, estas canciones les dieron la oportunidad de empezar a trabajar con la discográfica Source. Dos años más tarde, y luego de algunos remixes de canciones populares, Heatwave los posicionó en otro nivel.
Al mismo tiempo, Sofia Coppola —que estaba rodando Las Vírgenes Suicidas (1999)— le pidió a Thomas que hiciera la letra de ‘Playground Love’, una canción que formaba parte del soundtrack a cargo de Air. En un principio, la idea era que la voz sea de David Bowie, pero la de Mars terminó encajando perfectamente. Tiempo más tarde, Phoenix acompañó como banda telonera a la dupla compuesta por Jean Benoît Dunckel y Nicolas Godin en sus giras luego de su consagración con Moon Safari (1998).
Este contexto es necesario para comprender que mientras la banda craneaba su primer disco, se codeaba con grandes exponentes de la escena, incluso con Daft Punk. Esto los favoreció desde la experiencia y les permitió que varios artistas destacados participarán en las canciones, las mezclas y el mastering que integran su debut.
Con la cabeza puesta en hacer un disco de punk rock mezclado con matices electrónicos e influenciado por bandas como Bauhaus, era crucial poder mantener su libertad artística y musical para hacer algo rupturista. Básicamente, no tenían límites y el fin era presentar su música combinando elementos que no pertenecían al estilo francés, redefiniendo así su estética.
United deja algunas impresiones fantásticas: en primer lugar, no hay una sola canción que sea similar a otra; este álbum va en muchas direcciones, pero aun así no es desordenado en su conjunto. Después de una exploración demasiado breve del power pop de los ‘70 en ‘School's Rules’, la «metodología Phoenix» entra en perspectiva con ‘Too Young’, un hit contundente con guiños a la música disco. Seguidamente llega ‘Honeymoon’, una balada que se cocina a fuego lento. Es sorprendente que, a continuación, suene un clásico como ‘If I Ever Feel Better’ y que el siguiente track sea el punk desgarrador de ‘Party Time’ sin que el LP pierda sentido.
Es preciso aclarar que no todo fue color de rosas y durante el proceso de grabación surgieron algunos percances: a pocos días de la fecha pactada para entregar el material, se vieron obligados a cambiar de productor. Hasta ese momento, la grabación y producción estaba a cargo de Stephane Briant, quien había trabajado con Air. El problema es que la banda apuntaba muy alto y tenía una fuerte expectativa en relación a lo que querían lograr, pero Briant no los dejaba manejar la mesa de control y, por lo tanto, se vieron limitados en cuestiones de sonoridad y producción.
Si bien el proyecto parecía derrumbarse, lograron seguir avanzando junto al asistente Julien Delfaud y esto les cambió el panorama; años más tarde asumiría el rol de productor nuevamente junto a la banda con Wolfgang Amadeus (2009). Las mezclas quedaron a cargo de Philippe Zdar, uno de los integrantes de Cassius, a excepción de algunos temas como ‘Embuscade’ y ‘Definitive Breaks’ (la primera contó con la participación de Thomas Bangalter de Daft Punk grabando si’.
Ahora bien, ya que mencionamos a Philippe, tenemos que referirnos a ‘Funky Squaredance’. Este tema de 10 minutos, además de heredar una innegable impronta de Cassius, es el que más representa la personalidad del disco: quisieron hacer una composición country cantada por un robot a través de vocoders, mezclada con elementos de la electrónica que se fundían en guitarras hard rock y riff experimentales. Además, otro aporte significativo se concreta en el momento en que la canción se transforma paradójicamente en una fiesta electrónica. Para lograr este clima y llenarlo de bullicio, Phoenix hizo lo que solían hacer los DJs y las bandas de la French Touch: alquilar un estudio gigante y llenarlo de gente para que griten y aplaudan.
El resultado es un álbum aventurero capaz de reorganizar las percepciones sobre la construcción de una canción, bajo una perspectiva importada de las modas musicales de finales de los ‘70 y principios de los ‘80. En este sentido, pretende representar expresamente el pasado como el futuro, dándole un toque renovador a algo que terminó siendo exponencial y creció rápidamente.
Luego de su lanzamiento, United fue criticado dentro de su país por adoptar el inglés como lengua materna para apuntar a un mercado internacional y también porque, en aquel momento, el rock llevaba la bandera de la clase más necesitada a nivel social. Sin embargo, terminó convirtiéndose en una de las reliquias más importantes de la música francesa creando un disco sofisticado y elegante que dio origen a la transformación del pop rock que permanece vigente.
Por Santiago Herández
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